基于树轮宽度重建川西南137年秋冬季平均气温变化     

谢成晟  李景吉  高苑苑  石松林  彭培好  杨兴  冯玮娜 《第四纪研究》2020,(1):252-263

在全球气候变暖背景下,青藏高原东南缘的川滇横断山高海拔地区秋冬季温度变化已经成为区域气候变化研究热点。为了更好地了解长时间尺度下秋冬季平均气温变化对树木生长的影响,本文运用泸沽湖地区丽江云杉(Picea likiangensis)树轮宽度资料,建立了标准年表。并基于气温与树轮宽度指数的关系,重建了过去137年来川西南地区的秋冬季平均气温波动历史。重建序列存在2个暖期(1911~1927 A.D.,1992~2015 A.D.)、1个冷期(1939~1991 A.D.)。与其他树轮序列、沉积记录及历史记录的比较和空间相关分析,显示重建结果可靠,且具有区域代表性。集合经验模态(EEMD)分解得到2 a、19 a和54 a的周期控制序列冷暖波动。厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO),太阳黑子,太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)和北大西洋涛动(NAO)可能是以上周期的驱动因子.  相似文献   

重庆地震应急资料产出系统研发与应用     

龚丽文  陈石  郭卫英  黄世源  李翠平  高见 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(5):192-199

地震应急资料具有较强的时效性、专业性和多学科融合的特点。中强地震发生后启动应急响应，工作人员需在短时间内产出多学科、跨领域、多手段的专业地震会商资料。以地震会商系统为平台，利用其灵活开发、自动计算和智能分析的优势，建立地震应急资料产出系统（包括会商资料处理模块、应急图件产出模块和震情报告生成模块），通过地震触发，根据预设流程和报告模板，自动产出专业报告，为震情形势研判和震后应急救援提供专业可靠的应急资料，最大限度地发挥应急救援和灾损评估的效能。  相似文献   

Dissolved organic matter in surface runoff in the Loess Plateau of China: The role of rainfall events and land-use     

Zhongwu Li  Hao Peng  Binggeng Xie  Chun Liu  Xiaodong Nie  Danyang Wang  Mei Huang  Haibing Xiao  Lin Shi  Xuqin Zhang  Jieyu Jiang 《水文研究》2020,34(6):1446-1459

Exploring the chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important for understanding the fate of laterally transported organic matter in watersheds. We hypothesized that differences in water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soils of varying land uses and rainfall events may significantly affect the quality and the quantity of stream DOM. To test our hypotheses, characteristics of rainfall-runoff DOM and WEOM of source materials (topsoil from different land uses and gullies, as well as typical vegetation) were investigated at two adjacent catchments in the Loess Plateau of China, using ultraviolet–visible absorbance and excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results indicated that land-use types may significantly affect the chemical composition of soil WEOM, including its aromaticity, molecular weight, and degree of humification. The PARAFAC analysis demonstrated that the soils and stream water were dominated by terrestrial/allochthonous humic-like substances and microbial transformable humic-like fluorophores. Shifts in the fluorescence properties of stream DOM suggested a pronounced change in the relative proportion of allochthonous versus autochthonous material under different rainfall patterns and land uses. For example, high proportions of forestland could provide more allochthonous DOM input. This study highlights the relevance of soils and hydrological dynamics on the composition and fluxes of DOM issuing from watersheds. The composition of DOM in soils was influenced by land-use type. Precipitation patterns influenced the proportion of terrestrial versus microbial origins of DOM in surface runoff. Contributions of allochthonous, terrestrially derived DOM inputs were highest from forested landscapes.  相似文献   

Response of soil aggregate disintegration to the different content of organic carbon and its fractions during splash erosion     

Hairu Li  Gang Liu  Ju Gu  Hong Chen  Hongqiang Shi  Mohamed A. M. Abd Elbasit  Feinan Hu 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14060

Aggregate disintegration is a critical process in soil splash erosion. However, the effect of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions on soil aggregates disintegration is still not clear. In this study, five soils with similar clay contents and different contents of SOC have been used. The effects of slaking and mechanical striking on splash erosion were distinguished by using deionized water and 95% ethanol as raindrops. The simulated rainfall experiments were carried out in four heights (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m). The result indicated that the soil aggregate stability increased with the increases of SOC and light fraction organic carbon (LFOC). The relative slaking and the mechanical striking index increased with the decreases of SOC and LFOC. The reduction of macroaggregates in eroded soil gradually decreased with the increase of SOC and LFOC, especially in alcohol test. The amount of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) in deionized water tests were significantly less than that in alcohol tests under the same rainfall heights. The contribution of slaking to splash erosion increased with the decrease of heavy fractions organic carbon. The contribution of mechanical striking was dominant when the rainfall kinetic energy increased to a range of threshold between 9 J m⁻² mm⁻¹ and 12 m⁻² mm⁻¹. This study could provide the scientific basis for deeply understanding the mechanism of soil aggregates disintegration and splash erosion.  相似文献   

Detecting and attributing vegetation changes in Taihang Mountain,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HU Shi  WANG Fei-yu  ZHAN Che-sheng  ZHAO Ru-xin  MO Xiong-guo  LIU Liang-mei-zi 《山地科学学报》2019,(2)

Attributing vegetation changes provide fundamental information for ecosystem management,especially in mountainous areas which has vulnerable ecosystems. Based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) data, the spatial-temporal change of vegetation was detected in Taihang Mountain(THM) from 2000 to 2014. The topographical factors were introduced to interpret the response of vegetation variation to climate change and human activities. Results showed that the avegaged NDVI during growing season showed a single-peak curve distribution, with the largest value(0.628) among 1600-1800 m. A significant greening trend was detected in THM, with the largest increasing rate(0.0078 yr~(-1)) among the elevation of1600-1800 m and slope gradient between 3~5°. The partial correlation and multiple correlation analyses indicated that vegetation variation in more than81.8% pixels of the THM was mainly impacted by human activities. In the low elevation zones less than1000 m, increasing precipitation is the principle factor promoting vegetation restoration, whereas in the high elevation zones of THM, temperature is the restricted factors impacting vegetation variation.Considering the dramatic climate change in the future,further studies should be conducted to explore inherent mechanism of vegetation growth to dynamic environment changes.  相似文献   

A Population Genetic Analysis of Continuously Selected Chlamys farreri Populations     

ZHANG Lu  LI Yuli  LI Yangping  YANG Zhihui  LI Yuqiang  WANG Yangfan  WANG Shi  BAO Zhenmin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,(4)

This study applied an optimized one-step 2b-RAD library construction strategy and performed simplified genome sequencing of 539 individuals from three continuously selected Chlamys farreri populations. SNP screening was performed using RAD typing software and population genetic parameters for the continuously selected populations from three generations(G1, G2, G3) were determined. The results showed that the optimized one-step 2b-RAD library construction strategy greatly simplified the experimental process, making it suitable for efficiently constructing a large number of libraries. A total of 18450 SNP markers were identified, which evenly distributed throughout the genome. Population genetic analysis of these three generations showed that the mean value of observed heterozygosity was 0.275 ± 0.177, 0.272 ± 0.181 and 0.275 ± 0.166, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean value of expected heterozygosity was 0.275 ± 0.141, 0.274 ± 0.145 and 0.280 ± 0.133, respectively. The Wright's fixation index(F) was 0.04291, 0.04976 and 0.06685, respectively. Markers deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium accounted for 10.34%, 12.64%, and 23.11%, and the Shannon diversity index was 0.0999 ± 0.0404, 0.0921 ± 0.0388 and 0.0733 ± 0.0308. FIS(also known as the inbreeding coefficient) of the three populations was 0.0256, 0.0323 and 0.0468, respectively. We suggested that the 2b-RAD method is well suited to population genetic studies of aquacultured organisms. Moreover, our results indicated that the continuous selection affected the population genetic structure of the cultured Penglai-Red scallop, but the change was not significant; therefore, population selection should continue.  相似文献   

超慢速扩张环境下超镁铁质岩系统的热液硫化物成矿机理以及启示     

曹红  孙治雷  刘昌岭  姜学钧  何拥军  黄威  尚鲁宁  王利波  张喜林  耿威  施美娟  李东义 《海洋学报》2018,40(4):61-75

西南印度洋63.5°E热液区是在超慢速扩张洋脊发现的首个超镁铁质岩热液系统。对取自该区的热液硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学和地球化学分析，矿物学分析结果表明:该热液区硫化物为富Fe型高温硫化物，且经历了较深程度的氧化蚀变，大量中间态的Fe氧化物充填在硫化物矿物间的孔隙及内部解理中；这些硫化物相以白铁矿为主，其次是等轴古巴矿和少量铜蓝，缺乏黄铁矿、闪锌矿。据推断，该区的热液成矿作用分为4个阶段:低温白铁矿阶段→高温等轴古巴矿阶段→自形白铁矿阶段→后期海底风化阶段（少量铜蓝以及大量的Fe的羟氧化物）。与之相对应，地球化学分析结果表明这些硫化物的Fe含量较高（31.57%~44.59%），Cu含量次之（0.16%~7.24%），而Zn含量普遍较低（0.01%~0.11%）；微量元素较为富集Co（328×10-6~2 400×10-6）和Mn（48.5×10-6~1 730×10-6）。该区硫化物中较高含量的Fe、Co与超镁铁质岩热液系统相似，明显高于镁铁质岩热液系统。独特的热液硫化物矿物学特征和元素组成可能与该区普遍出露的地幔岩、橄榄岩蛇纹石化作用以及拆离断层的广泛发育的环境有关。  相似文献   

浙江朱家尖岛东沙海滩对热带风暴“娜基莉”的响应及风暴后的恢复   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭俊丽  时连强  童宵岭  郑禹君  徐岱璐 《海洋学报》2018,40(9):137-147

海滩对风暴的响应及风暴后海滩的恢复过程一直以来都是国内外海滩研究的热点。本文通过对浙江舟山市朱家尖岛东沙海滩地形地貌的现场调查，对比分析了热带风暴"娜基莉"影响下东沙海滩剖面的蚀积变化，探讨了海滩在热带风暴发生后的恢复情况。结果表明，在"娜基莉"影响期间，因风暴浪为向岸浪，东沙海滩几乎遭受全线侵蚀，12个剖面单宽侵蚀总量为73.46 m3/m，其中海滩直线段较两个遮蔽段侵蚀显著。由于海滩在风暴前进方向的左侧，且"娜基莉"距东沙较远，使得东沙海滩普遍侵蚀但强度较小。东沙海滩在热带风暴后的恢复过程中，不同部位的地貌调整和冲淤变化不同，下岬角遮蔽段基本趋于稳定，直线段和上岬角遮蔽段在恢复过程中因受海滩季节性调整的影响呈现持续侵蚀。  相似文献   

西藏努林晚白垩世花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及成因     

石洪召  段志明  李光明  张林奎 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(4):71-82

南冈底斯晚白垩世岩浆岩的成因及地球动力学机制一直存在争议。本文对冈底斯南缘努林花岗闪长岩开展地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及同位素示踪研究。结果显示，该岩体具有富SiO₂（66.62%～67.81%）、高Al₂O₃（15.11%～15.66%）、高Sr（>481×10^-6），低Y（≤8.13×10^-6）和低Yb（≤0.73×10^-6）特征，Sr/Y比值达59～111，显示埃达克岩的特征；岩石轻稀土富集，重稀土亏损，具有显著的Eu正异常；富集大离子亲石元素，亏损高场强元素。（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i=0.704011～0.704244，ε_Nd（t）=＋3.61～＋5.75，总体反映地幔源区的Sr、Nd同位素特征。锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS测年显示存在83Ma和89Ma两组年龄。结合地质及地球化学分析，认为努林花岗闪长岩是新特提斯洋洋脊俯冲引起的镁铁质新生下地壳部分熔融的产物。  相似文献   

Variation in the vertical zonality of erodibility and critical shear stress of rill erosion in China's Hengduan Mountains     

Zhengan Su  Donghong Xiong  Jianhui Zhang  Tao Zhou  Hongkun Yang  Yifan Dong  Haidong Fang  Liangtao Shi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):88-97

Soil erodibility is an essential parameter used in soil erosion prediction. This study selected the Liangshan town watershed to quantify variation in the vertical zonality of rill erodibility (k_r) in China's ecologically fragile Hengduan Mountains. Soil types comprised of yellow–brown (soil A), purple (soil B), and dry-red (soil C) in a descending order of occurrence from the summit to the valley, which roughly corresponds to the vertical climate zone (i.e. cool-high mountain, warm-low mountain, and dry-hot valley sections) of the study area. With elevation, vertical soil zonality varied in both soil organic matter (SOM) content and soil particle-size fractions. A series of rill erosion-based scour experiments were conducted, using water discharge rates of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mL min^-1. Additionally, detachment rates (Dr) were measured under three hydrological conditions (the drainage, saturation, and seepage treatments). Results show that both Dr and flow shear stress (Ʈ) values increased as discharge increased. As elevation increased, the k_r values decreased, while the vertical zonality of critical shear stress (Ʈ_c) values showed no obvious variation. The highest k_r values were observed during the seepage treatment, followed by the saturation treatment then drainage treatment, indicating that variation in vertical hydraulic gradients could significantly alter k_r values. This study also found that land-use types could also alter k_r and Ʈ_c values. Further research, however, is necessary to better quantify the effects of subsurface hydrological conditions and land-use types on k_r under different soil zonalities in China's Hengduan Mountains. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献